| 1. | Genetic recombination can occur without the formation of a chiasmata .
遗传重组在没有形成交叉的情况下，也可以发生。
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| 2. | Sax found average chiasma frequencies of 2.3 to 2.5 per bivalent in pines and larches .
Sax发现松树和落叶松每条二价染色体的平均交叉频率是2.32.5。
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| 3. | The chiasmata observed during the later stages of the meiotic prophase are cytological evidence of earlier cross-over events .
在减数分裂前期末所看到的交叉是在这以前发生了互换事件的细胞学证据。
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| 4. | Chiasma fasciculorum opticorum
视束交叉
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| 5. | Chiasma theory of pairing
配对交叉说
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| 6. | Localization of chiasma
交叉局部化
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| 7. | Sax found average chiasma frequencies of 2 . 3 to 2 . 5 per bivalent in pines and larches
Sax发现松树和落叶松每条二价染色体的平均交叉频率是2 . 3 2 . 5 。
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| 8. | Crossing over the exchange of material between homologous chromatids by the formation of chiasmata
交换：同源染色单体之间形成交叉时遗传物质的交换现象。
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| 9. | The chiasmata can slip off the ends of the bivalents , and thus chiasma frequency may be reduced by terminalization
有时交叉可以从二价体末端处滑开，因此移端过程可以降低交叉频率。
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| 10. | Chiasmata are seen during this stage , and by the end of diakinesis the nucleoli and nuclear membrane have disappeared
在这个时期可以看见交叉，在终变期末细胞核中的核仁，核膜消失。
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