adj. 1.硬的，坚固的 (opp. soft)。 2.(身体)结实的；(组织等)健全的。 3.(问题、工作等)困难的，费力的；(人)难对付的 (opp. easy)。 4.难以忍受的；艰辛的。 5.激烈的，猛烈的。 6.(生活)刻苦的。 7.严格的，严厉的。 8.(人等)冷酷的，(天气)严酷的；(雇主等)刻薄的。 9.(食物等)粗糙的，难吃的；发酸的。 10.【语言学】发硬音的。 11.(市价等)稳定的。 12.确实的，不容怀疑的。 13.(钱币)金属制的；(币制)可兑换成金子的。 14.(水等)含无机盐的。 15.(酒)烈性的，酒精成分高的。 16.(声音等)刺耳的；(颜色等)刺目的。 17.恶性难改的。 18.【军事】(飞弹)可从地下发射并发射的；设于地下可防核攻击的。 短语和例子 a hard bed 硬板床。 a hard bargain 苛刻的交易。 hard common sense 健全的理智。 a hard customer 挑剔的顾客。 hard dealing 虐待。 hard drinker 酒量大的人。 hard fact 铁的事实。 a hard fight 恶斗，苦战。 hard food 粗食 (＝ hard fare); 固体食物，马料〔指谷类饲料， cf. fodder, mash〕。 a hard knot 死结。 hard labour 苦工，苦役。 a hard life 困苦的生活。 hard liquor 〔美国〕烈酒。 a hard saying 难于理解的话；难于遵行的格言。 a hard task 困难的工作。 hard times 市面萧条，不景气，艰难时世。 hard winter 严冬。 hard words 难于入耳的话。 H- words break no bones. 〔谚语〕直言无害。 hard work 难苦的工作，苦活。 a hard case 1. 难处理的事件。 2. 不堪救药的罪犯。 3. 〔美国〕危重病人。 hard nut to crack 难题。 (as) hard as a bone [brick] 极硬。 (as) hard as iron 坚如铁石，很严厉，很残酷。 (as) hard as nails 1. 结实，强健。 2. 冷酷无情。 (as) hard as the nether millstone 铁石心肠。 at hard edge 拚命，认真。 be hard on [upon] sb. 虐待某人；使某人难堪。 be hard up 〔口语〕短缺，在急需中 (be hard up for money 手头拮据)。 hard and fast 1. 严格规定的，刻板的，(规则等)一成不变的。 2. (船)搁浅无法移动的。 have hard luck 倒霉。 have a hard time (of it) 难受，受苦，遭殃。 in hard condition 身体结实。 learn sth. the hard way 通过困难而学到某事。 adv. 1.硬。 2.拼命地，努力地。 3.猛烈地，重重地。 4.困难地，不容易地。 5.接近地，立即地。 6.〔美口〕非常，极。 短语和例子 try hard 竭力一试。 think hard 苦思。 drink hard 暴饮。 be hard hit (感情等)受到沉重打击，很伤心。 be hard on [upon] 接近，紧跟着 (be hard on eighty 快八十岁。 come in hard upon sb.'s heels 紧跟着某人进来)。 be hard pressed 被催逼 (be hard pressed for money 手头很紧。 be hard pressed for time 时间很紧)。 be hard put to it 正在为难，陷于窘境。 bear hard on 拼命压迫。 follow hard after 紧紧跟着。 go hard with sb. 使某人为难[受苦]。 hard by 在近旁。 H- aport! 【航海】左满舵! H- astarboard! 【航海】右满舵! H- aweather! ＝ H- up! 【航海】转舵挡风! look [gaze, stare] hard at 死瞪着…。 run sb. hard 紧追某人。 take sth. hard 对某事耿耿于怀。 n. 1.〔英国〕硬海滩，登陆处。 2.〔英俚〕(囚犯的)强迫苦役。 短语和例子 got two years hard 被判处两年苦役。
not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure; "a difficult task"; "nesting places on the cliffs are difficult of access"; "difficult times"; "why is it so hard for you to keep a secret?" 同义词：difficult,
resisting weight or pressure
dispassionate; "took a hard look"; "a hard bargainer";
(of speech sounds); produced with the back of the tongue raised toward or touching the velum; "Russian distinguished between hard consonants and palatalized or soft consonants"
(of light) transmitted directly from a pointed light source 同义词：concentrated,
produced without vibration of the vocal cords; "unvoiced consonants such as `p'' and `k'' and `s''" 同义词：unvoiced, voiceless, surd,
with effort or force or vigor; "the team played hard"; "worked hard all day"; "pressed hard on the lever"; "hit the ball hard"; "slammed the door hard"
to the full extent possible; all the way; "hard alee"; "the ship went hard astern"; "swung the wheel hard left"
slowly and with difficulty; "prejudices die hard"
causing great damage or hardship; "industries hit hard by the depression"; "she was severely affected by the bank''s failure" 同义词：severely, severely,
with firmness; "held hard to the railing" 同义词：firmly, firmly,
earnestly or intently; "thought hard about it"; "stared hard at the accused"
with pain or distress or bitterness; "he took the rejection very hard"
very near or close in space or time; "it stands hard by the railroad tracks"; "they were hard on his heels"; "a strike followed hard upon the plant''s opening"
into a solid condition; "concrete that sets hard within a few hours"
with effort or force or vigor; "the team played hard"; "worked hard all day"; "pressed hard on the lever"; "hit the ball hard"; "slammed the door hard"
to the full extent possible; all the way; "hard alee"; "the ship went hard astern"; "swung the wheel hard left"
slowly and with difficulty; "prejudices die hard"
causing great damage or hardship; "industries hit hard by the depression"; "she was severely affected by the bank''s failure" 同义词：severely, severely,
with firmness; "held hard to the railing" 同义词：firmly, firmly,
earnestly or intently; "thought hard about it"; "stared hard at the accused"
with pain or distress or bitterness; "he took the rejection very hard"
very near or close in space or time; "it stands hard by the railroad tracks"; "they were hard on his heels"; "a strike followed hard upon the plant''s opening"
into a solid condition; "concrete that sets hard within a few hours"
characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort; "worked their arduous way up the mining valley"; "a grueling campaign"; "hard labor"; "heavy work"; "heavy going"; "spent many laborious hours on the project"; "set a punishing pace" 同义词：arduous, backbreaking, grueling, gruelling, heavy, laborious, operose, punishing, toilsome,
dried out; "hard dry rolls left over from the day before"
unfortunate or hard to bear; "had hard luck"; "a tough break" 同义词：tough,
being distilled rather than fermented; having a high alcoholic content; "hard liquor" 同义词：strong,
given to excessive indulgence of bodily appetites especially for intoxicating liquors; "a hard drinker" 同义词：intemperate, heavy,
very strong or vigorous; "strong winds"; "a hard left to the chin"; "a knockout punch"; "a severe blow" 同义词：knockout, severe,
例句与用法
1.
When hard tactics failed , soft methods were used . 硬的不行来软的。
2.
It is hard to forget repulsive things . 不堪入目的景象往往难以忘怀。
3.
"it's hard work," said richard . “这是很辛苦的工作呢，”理查说道。
4.
By working hard he gained rapid promotion . 他工作努力因而晋级很快。
5.
I find his attitude very hard to take . 我觉得他的态度实在难以忍受。
6.
One of them is still working very hard . 他们中的一人仍在勤奋工作。
7.
Eugene looked at the hard weak . 尤金瞧着那副又呆板、又怯弱的面孔。
8.
It 's easy to open a shop but hard to keep it open . 创业容易守业难。
9.
Old age disabled him for hard labour . 年迈使他不能胜任繁重工作了。
10.
It is a long hard slog up the mountain . 上山是一段长长的艰难的路。
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