〔美国〕硬质地层，硬地；坚固的基础；隐藏着的真情 (get down to the hardpan of a question 把问题彻底弄清楚)。
crust or layer of hard subsoil encrusted with calcium-carbonate occurring in arid or semiarid regions 同义词：caliche,
In soil science, agriculture and gardening, hardpan or ouklip is a general term for a dense layer of soil, usually found below the uppermost topsoil layer. There are different types of hardpan, all sharing the general characteristic of being a distinct soil layer that is largely impervious to water.
例句与用法
1.
The paper also has a research on the influence of compound soil nailing behavior in the perspective of silt and hardpan of the effect of the width of soil - cement mixing piles . 3 . with the analysis of various effecting factors on compound soil nailing , the paper holds a analysis of the mechanism ’ s essence of the compound soil nailing 2 .深入分析了土体的弹性模量,水泥搅拌桩的弹性模量,水泥搅拌桩挡墙的宽度,土钉长度的变化以及土钉倾角的变化对复合型土钉墙变形性状和土钉轴力的影响,以及水泥搅拌桩挡墙的宽度在淤泥土层以及砂土土层中对复合型土钉墙支护变形性状的影响。
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