common European arum with lanceolate spathe and short purple spadix; emerges in early spring; source of a starch called arum 同义词：cuckoopint, lords-and-ladies, Arum maculatum,
common American spring-flowering woodland herb having sheathing leaves and an upright club-shaped spadix with overarching green and purple spathe producing scarlet berries 同义词：Indian turnip, wake-robin, Arisaema triphyllum, Arisaema atrorubens,
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