Kulaks (; "fist", by extension "tight-fisted"; kurkuls in Ukraine, also used in Russian texts in Ukrainian contexts) were a category of relatively affluent farmers in the later Russian Empire, Soviet Russia, and early Soviet Union. The word kulak originally referred to independent farmers in the Russian Empire who emerged from the peasantry and became wealthy following the Stolypin reform, which began in 1906.
例句与用法
1.
Reactionary as they were , the kulak and the junker performed at times progressive functions in rural economy ; the chinese landlord performed none 俄国富农和德国地主固然反动，但在农业经济中有时还有进步作用，中国地主就没有任何进步作用可言。
2.
Furthermore , in order to predict the force at beam tension flange when end - plate yields , kulak method , applied to determine the ultimate strength of the t - stub connections , are modified by introducing a parameter c . the general solution of parameter c is also provided in this paper 在有限元计算的基础上，本文分析了影响节点强度的主要因素，包括： ( 1 )螺栓和端板的强度； ( 2 )柱翼缘的抗压强度； ( 3 )柱腹板的抗压强度。
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