| 1. | The internal lamellae originate from an invagination of the inner of double membrances that surround the plastid .
片层起源于围着质体双层膜的内膜向内折伸。
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| 2. | Research progress on plastid pigment from tobacco
烟草中质体色素研究进展
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| 3. | Amyloplast a plastid that synthesizes and stores starch grains
淀粉体：一种与合成和储存淀粉粒有关的质体。
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| 4. | Proteoplast a colorless plastid ( leucoplast ) that stores protein
类蛋白体：指储存蛋白质的无色质体（白色体） 。
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| 5. | Prokaryotes lack organelles such as nucleoli , mitochondria , plastids , golgi apparatus , and do not exhibit cyclosis
原核生物无细胞器，如核仁、线粒体、质体、高尔基体等，不出现胞质环流。
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| 6. | Leucoplast a colorless plastid , i . e . one not containing chlorophyll or any other pigment . leucoplasts are common in the cells of roots and underground stems and storage organs
白色体：一种无色的质体，不含叶绿素和任何其它色素。白色体多存在于根部细胞、地下茎和储藏器官中。
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| 7. | Proplastid a self - duplicating undifferentiated plastid , about 0 . 5 - 1 m in diameter and found in the meristematic regions of plants . they grow and develop into plastids of different types
前质体：能够自我复制的没有分化的质体，直径约0 . 5 - 1微米，发现于植物分生组织区域。它们生长发育为不同类型的质体。
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| 8. | Wax precursors are synthesized in the plastids and enlongated to very long acyl - coa chains as direct processors in er . once the very long acyl - coa chains are synthesized , they are converted to cuticular waxes by four different pathways
一般认为蜡质前体是在质体中合成并在内质网中延伸成特长链脂酰辅酶a ，合成的特长链脂酰辅酶a通过四种不同的途径转化成蜡质组成成分。
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| 9. | Among the three methods used in the experiment of dna extraction , only ctab , adding pvp in the dna isolation step , had effectively reduced the disturbance from fiber or other plastids and extracted suitable genomic dna as template for rapd process . pcr amplifications were performed in a final volume of 25 mm3 containing 0 . 5 units taq polymerase , 2
通过在抽提缓冲液加入2的pvp 、并用异丙醇和乙醇沉淀基因组dna等改良措施， ctab法能避开大量纤维、多糖的影响，有效地从不同属种的棕榈科植物的幼嫩叶片中提取并纯化了适合rapd的基因组dna 。
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| 10. | They are involved both in the production of mature proteins , acting as processing enzymes , and in the degradation of damaged or non - functional proteins [ 1 " 8l in plant plastids , proteases function in protein degradation seem to act to adjust the stoichiometry of subunits in supramolecular complexes , as well as to regulate the stoichiometry between different supramolecular complexes in response to environmental changes and process the nuclear - encoded preproteins in the stromal
除了在相关蛋白质转录和翻译方面的调控外，专一降解这些蛋白的蛋白酶活性以及转录翻译量的上升也会加强对这些蛋白质的降解。虽然到目前为止对光系统中蛋白酶的了解尚且不如对光系统中各种多肽以及蛋白色素复合体的了解，但是对类囊体和叶绿体中蛋白酶的研究已经进展到相当深度了。
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