a deliberately invalid argument displaying ingenuity in reasoning in the hope of deceiving someone 同义词：sophistry, sophistication,
Sophism in the modern definition is a [argument used for deceiving someone. In ancient Greece, sophists were a category of teachers who specialized in using the tools of philosophy] and [[rhetoric for the purpose of teaching arete?excellence, or virtue?predominantly to young statesmen and nobility.
例句与用法
1.
" that ' s a beautiful sophism " said the girl with a smile more beautiful still “那是一种美丽的诡辩， ”女孩子说，露出了更加美好的笑容。
2.
Dialectical reasoning needs the " supervision " of analytical reasoning , otherwise it will lead to sophism 辩证理性需要分析理性的“监督” ，否则就会沦为诡辩。
3.
Those who have witnessed the event of 1 july should be able to see clearly that such a document is a product of the new culture after the handover just like article 23 and the interpretation of the basic law by the national peoples congress : the content is full of sophism 也会有兄弟姊妹质疑我：上述理论不是现在已把我们的教师和家长分化了吗？其实，受薪于政府的教师及那些跟我们素不相识的家长，如果他们不热衷我们的办学理念，也无可厚非，问题是新制度会制造对立的机会。
4.
We all know the so - called sophism of the ancients , proving that achilles would never overtake the tortoise , though achilles walked ten times as fast as the tortoise . as soon as achilles passes over the space separating him from the tortoise , the tortoise advances one - tenth of that space : achilles passes over that tenth , but the tortoise has advanced a hundredth , and so on to infinity . this problem seemed to the ancients insoluble 尽人皆知一条古代的辩术，讲的是阿奇里斯总赶不上他前面的乌，尽管他走得比乌快十倍因为每当他走完他与乌之间的距离时，乌又超前爬了这段距离的十分之一了阿奇里斯走过这十分之一，乌则又超前爬了百分之一了，以此类推，直到无休无止。
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